Determining Check Engine Light Codes

Overview

If you're getting a check engine light code, you can use this OBD1 diagnostic method to determine what the exact error is. This simple technique uses the car's built-in diagnostic system to read error codes without expensive equipment.

⚠️ Difficulty Level: Beginner
🕒 Time Required: 5 minutes
💰 Cost: Free

Required Tools

  • Paper clip (or small piece of wire)
  • Vehicle key

Step 1: Locate the Diagnostic Box

Pop the hood and find the diagnostic connector box on the driver's side of the engine bay, up in the corner by the firewall. It looks somewhat like a fuse box with a removable lid.

Step 2: Open the Diagnostic Box

Open the lid of the diagnostic box. Look inside the lid for the terminal diagram showing the connections labeled TE1 and E1.

Step 3: Bridge the Terminals

Take your paper clip and connect it from terminal TE1 to terminal E1 to create a circuit. This puts the ECU into diagnostic mode.

Step 4: Read the Codes

Go inside your car and turn the key to the "ON" position (do not start the engine). Watch the check engine light flash and count the flashes and pauses carefully.

📖 Example: F F P F F F F F F F (two flashes, one pause, seven flashes) = Code 27

Step 5: Interpret the Code

The pattern repeats continuously. Each code consists of a series of flashes separated by pauses. For example, code 27 (two flashes, pause, seven flashes) indicates a faulty secondary O2 sensor.

Step 6: Look Up Your Code

Once you have your error code number, you can call an auto parts store like Advance Auto Parts or look up the code in a service manual to determine what component or system needs attention.

OBD1 Trouble Code Reference

Use this table to interpret the flash pattern codes from your diagnostic session:

Code Flash Pattern Diagnosis
11 F P F Open or short circuit in solenoid relay circuit
12 F P F F Short circuit in solenoid relay circuit
13 F P F F F Open circuit in pump motor relay circuit
14 F P F F F F Short circuit in pump motor relay circuit
21 F F P F Open or short circuit in solenoid of right front wheel
22 F F P F F Open or short circuit in solenoid of left front wheel
23 F F P F F F Open or short circuit in solenoid of right rear wheel
24 F F P F F F F Open or short circuit in solenoid of left rear wheel
31 F F F P F Right front wheel speed sensor signal malfunction
32 F F F P F F Left front wheel speed sensor signal malfunction
33 F F F P F F F Right rear wheel speed sensor signal malfunction
34 F F F P F F F F Left rear wheel speed sensor signal malfunction
35 F F F P F F F F F Open circuit in left front or rear right wheel speed sensor
36 F F F P F F F F F F Open circuit in right front or rear left wheel speed sensor
37 F F F P (7 flashes) Faulty rear speed sensor rotors
41 F F F F P F Battery voltage regulator abnormality
43 F F F F P F F F Deceleration sensor signal malfunction (constant output)
44 F F F F P F F F F Wire harness and connector of deceleration sensor circuit
45 F F F F P F F F F F Open or short circuit in deceleration sensor signal malfunction
51 F F F F F P F Actuator pump motor locked or open circuit in pump motor
📖 Reading Guide: F = Flash, P = Pause. Example: "F F P F F F" means two flashes, pause, three flashes = Code 23

💡 Money-Saving Tips

  • This diagnostic method works on OBD1 vehicles (pre-1996)
  • Some codes may indicate multiple possible causes - further diagnosis may be needed
  • Clear codes by disconnecting the battery for 30 seconds after repairs
  • Most codes shown are ABS-related - engine codes may vary by model year